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NC flame pipe cutting machine tool based on open architecture CNC system

Xiaogen NIE, Yanbing LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第4卷 第2期   页码 147-152 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0025-x

摘要： Based on the analysis of the principle and flame movement of a pipe cutting machine tool, a retrofit NC flame pipe cutting machine tool (NFPCM) that can meet the demands of cutting various pipes is proposed. The paper deals with the design and implementation of an open architecture CNC system for the NFPCM, many of whose aspects are similar to milling machines; however, different from their machining processes and control strategies. The paper emphasizes on the NC system structure and the method for directly creating the NC file according to the cutting type and parameters. Further, the paper develops the program and sets up the open and module NC system.

关键词： flame pipe cutting     flame incision tracks     CNC     open architecture CNC system    

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Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the one-incision three-trocar technique with all straight

Hongyi Cui

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 283-287 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0151-9

摘要： Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a novel minimally invasive surgical technique that is gaining popularity around the world. One of the most commonly performed procedures is single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC). Most reported techniques utilize special purpose-made access port and articulating instruments, rendering the procedure costly and difficult to learn. This article provides a stepwise description of SILC technique using all straight instruments without the need for a special port. It aims to shorten the learning curve for surgeons wishing to adopt a safe and cost-effective SILC technique to their practice.

关键词： laparoscopic cholecystectomy     single incision laparoscopic surgery    

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Retrospective study of the efficacy and complication of thoracoabdominal incision for nephrectomy: a

Minggen YANG, Xiaokun ZHAO

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 191-196 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0026-5

摘要： This retrospective study was performed to compare the outcome of thoracoabdominal incision flank incision for radical nephrectomy in the patients with large renal tumors. A questionnaire assessing postoperative pain, administration of pain medications and the return to activities and work was sent to the patients who undergoing radical nephrectomy through the 11th rib (group 1: underwent flank incision, including 96 patients) or the 9th to 10th rib (group 2: undergoing thoracoabdominal incision, including 98 patients) from 2003 to 2007 in our hospital. A case retrospective analysis assessing operation time, perioperative hemorrhage volume, size of tumor, success in the treatment of tumor thrombus in renal vein or vena cava, time length of presence of drainage tube, postoperative analgesia usage and length of stay was conducted in patients whose questionnaires were returned. A total of 56 patients (58%) in group 1 and 60 (61%) in group 2 responded to the questionnaire. Time lengths of operation and presence of abdominal drainage tube were shorter in group 2 than those in group 1. Perioperative hemorrhage volume in group 2 was obviously less than that in group 1. The mean size of tumors in group 1 was significantly smaller than that in group 2 ( < 0.0005). The success rate of treating thrombus in renal vein or vena cava in group 2 was significantly higher than that in group 1 ( <0.05). Lengths of off-bed time and stay were the same in both groups. There were no differences between groups in terms of pain severity on postoperative day 1, on day of discharge and 1 month postoperatively ( >0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in the time following surgery when pain completely disappeared, when pain medications were discontinued, and when the patient returned to daily activities and work ( >0.05). The thoracoabdominal incision provides excellent exposure and allows for early vascular control. Efficacy and complication was comparable for thoracoabdominal and flank incisions in terms of incisional pain, analgesic requirements after discharge and return to normal activities.

关键词： surgery     renal tumors     nephrectomy    

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Transient process of methane-oxygen diffusion flame-street establishment in a microchannel

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 988-999 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0755-y

摘要： “Flame-street” is an interesting diffusion flame behavior in which a series of flame-segments is separately distributed along the mixing layer in a narrow channel. This experimental phenomenon was experimentally and numerically investigated with the focus on the steady-state, thermo-chemical flame structures in previous literature. In the present paper, the dynamic formation process of a methane-oxygen diffusion flame-street structure was simulated with a reacting flow solver developed based on the open-source framework OpenFOAM. By imposing a certain amount of ignition-energy near the channel outlet, a reaction-kernel was formed and bifurcated. Subsequently, three separate flames were consecutively generated from this kernel and propagated within the channel. The whole process was completed within 15 ms and all the discrete flames were eventually in a steady-state. Interestingly, different propagation features were observed for the three flame segments: The leading flame experienced a flame shape/type change from a tribrachial structure in its fast-propagating phase to a long, trailing diffusion tail after being anchored to the inlet. The successive flame had a much lower propagation speed, keeping its two wing-like (fuel-lean premixed and fuel-rich premixed) structure while moving toward its stabilization location, which was approximately in the middle of the channel. The last flame, after the ignition source was turned-off, was immediately convected a bit downstream, and eventually featured a similar two-branch-like structure as the second one. Moreover, chemical insights for the premixed and diffusion branches of the leading flame were also provided with the change of significance of some key elementary reactions focused on, in order to attain a detailed profiling of the flame-type transition. This paper is a first-ever one discussing the transient formation of flame-streets in literature and is believed to be useful for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of this unique flame characteristics from a dynamic point of view.

关键词： micro-combustion     flame-street     diffusion flame     mixing layer     flame propagation speed    

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Experimental study on the laminar flame speed of hydrogen/natural gas/air mixtures

Chen DONG, Qulan ZHOU, Xiaoguang ZHANG, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU, Shi’en HUI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 417-422 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0515-8

摘要： Laminar flame speeds of hydrogen/natural gas/air mixtures have been measured over a full range of fuel compositions (0–100% volumetric fraction of H ) and a wide range of equivalence ratio using Bunsen burner. High sensitivity scientific CCD camera is use to capture the image of laminar flame. The reaction zone area is employed to calculate the laminar flame speed. The initial temperature and pressure of fuel air mixtures are 293 K and 1 atm. The laminar flame speeds of hydrogen/air mixture and natural gas/air mixture reach their maximum values 2.933 and 0.374 m/s when equivalence ratios equal to 1.7 and 1.1, respectively. The laminar flame speeds of hydrogen/natural gas/air mixtures rise with the increase of volumetric fraction of hydrogen. Moreover, the increase in laminar flame speed as the volumetric fraction of hydrogen increases presents an exponential increasing trend versus volumetric fraction of hydrogen. Empirical formulas to calculate the laminar flame speeds of hydrogen, natural gas, and hydrogen/natural gas mixtures are also given. Using these formulas, the laminar flame speed at different hydrogen fractions and equivalence ratios can be calculated.

关键词： laminar flame speed     experimental study     Bunsen flame    

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Experimental and kinetic study on laminar flame speeds of ammonia/syngas/air at a high temperature and

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 263-276 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0791-7

摘要： The laminar flame speeds of ammonia mixed with syngas at a high pressure, temperature, and different syngas ratios were measured. The data obtained were fitted at different pressures, temperatures, syngas ratios, and equivalence ratios. Four kinetic models (the Glarborg model, Shrestha model, Mei model, and Han model) were compared and validated with experimental data. Pathway, sensitivity and radical pool analysis are conducted to find out the deep kinetic insight on ammonia oxidation and NO formation. The pathway analysis shows that H abstraction reactions and NHi combination reactions play important roles in ammonia oxidation. NO formation is closely related to H, OH, the O radical produced, and formation reactions. NO is mainly formed from reaction, HNO+ H= NO+ H2. Furthermore, both ammonia oxidation and NO formation are sensitive to small radical reactions and ammonia related reactions.

关键词： ammonia mixed with syngas     laminar flame speed     kinetic model     sensitivity analysis     pathway analysis    

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Molybdenum disulfide@nickel phyllosilicate hybrid for improving the flame retardancy and wear resistance

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 2114-2126 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2357-1

摘要： In this study, nickel phyllosilicate was synthesized based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2@NiPS) by the sol-gel method, and then MoS2@NiPS was used to prepare epoxy composites. The thermal stability, flame retardancy, and frictional performances of epoxy composites were studied. With the addition of 3 wt% MoS2@NiPS, the epoxy composite increased the limiting oxygen index from 23.8% to 26.1% and reduced the vertical burning time from 166 s for epoxy resin to 35 s. The residual char of the epoxy composite increased from 11.8 to 20.2 wt%. MoS2@NiPS promoted the graphitization of the residual char, and facilitated the formation of a dense and continuous char layer, thereby improving the fire safety of epoxy resin. The epoxy composite with 3 wt% MoS2@NiPS had excellent wear resistance property with a wear rate of 2.19 × 10−5 mm3·N–1·m–1, which was 68.8% lower than that of epoxy resin. This study presented a practical approach to improve the frictional and fire resistance of epoxy composites.

关键词： molybdenum disulfide     nickel phyllosilicate     epoxy resin     flame retardancy    

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A low-density polyethylene composite with phosphorus-nitrogen based flame retardant and multi-walledcarbon nanotubes for enhanced electrical conductivity and acceptable flame retardancy

Yong Luo, Yuhui Xie, Renjie Chen, Ruizhi Zheng, Hua Wu, Xinxin Sheng, Delong Xie, Yi Mei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1332-1345 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2035-0

摘要： Design and exploitation of flame retardant polymers with high electrical conductivity are desired for polymer applications in electronics. Herein, a novel phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant was synthesized from pentaerythritol octahydrogen tetraphosphate, phenylphosphonyl dichloride, and aniline. Low-density polyethylene was combined with the flame retardant and multi-walled carbon nanotubes to form a nanocomposite material via a ball-milling and hot-pressing method. The electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, thermal performance, and flame retardancy of the composites were investigated using a four-point probe instrument, universal tensile machine, thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimeter tests, respectively. It was found that the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes can significantly improve the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the low-density polyethylene composites. Furthermore, the combination of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant remarkably enhances the flame retardancy of matrixes with an observed decrease of the peak heat release rate and total heat release of 49.8% and 51.9%, respectively. This study provides a new and effective methodology to substantially enhance the electrical conductivity and flame retardancy of polymers with an attractive prospect for polymer applications in electrical equipment.

关键词： MWCNTs     PEPA     electrical conductivity     flame retardant     low density polyethylene    

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A method of determining flame radiation fraction induced by interaction burning of tri-symmetric propane

Jie JI, Junrui DUAN, Huaxian WAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 1017-1026 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0716-x

摘要： The interaction of multiple fires may lead to a higher flame height and more intense radiation flux than a single fire, which increases the possibility of flame spread and risks to the surroundings. Experiments were conducted using three burners with identical heat release rates (HRRs) and propane as the fuel at various spacings. The results show that flames change from non-merging to merging as the spacing decreases, which result in a complex evolution of flame height and merging point height. To facilitate the analysis, a novel merging criterion based on the dimensionless spacing / was proposed. For non-merging flames ( / >0.368), the flame height is almost identical to a single fire; for merging flames ( / ≤0.368), based on the relationship between thermal buoyancy and thrust (the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flame), a quantitative analysis of the flame height, merging point height, and air entrainment was formed, and the calculated merging flame heights show a good agreement with the measured experimental values. Moreover, the multi-point source model was further improved, and radiation fraction of propane was calculated. The data obtained in this study would play an important role in calculating the external radiation of propane fire.

关键词： flame interaction     air entrainment     flame height     multi-point source model     thermal radiation    

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Flame-retardant properties of

Kumar Sai SMARAN, Rajashekar BADAM, Raman VEDARAJAN, Noriyoshi MATSUMI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 163-171 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0554-2

摘要： This paper focuses on the superiority of organic-inorganic hybrid ion-gel electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) over commercial electrolytes, such as 1 M LiPF in 1:1 ethylene carbonate (EC): dimethyl carbonate (DMC) {1 M LiPF -EC: DMC}, in terms of their flame susceptibility. These ion-gel electrolytes possess ionic liquid monomers, which are confined within the borosilicate or silicate matrices that are ideal for non-flammability. Naked flame tests confirm that the organic-inorganic hybrid electrolytes are less susceptible to flames, and these electrolytes do not suffer from a major loss in terms of weight. In addition, the hybrids are self-extinguishable. Therefore, these hybrids are only oxidized when subjected to a flame unlike other commercial electrolytes used in lithium-ion batteries. Supplementary analyses using differential scanning calorimetric studies reveal that the hybrids are glassy until the temperature reaches more than 100°C. The current results are consistent with previously published data on the organic-inorganic hybrids.

关键词： inorganic polymeric borosilicate network     organic-inorganic hybrids     self-extinguishability     nonflammability     lithium batteries     flame-retardants    

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Recent progress in electric-field assisted combustion: a brief review

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 883-899 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0770-z

摘要： The control of combustion is a hot and classical topic. Among the combustion technologies, electric-field assisted combustion is an advanced techno-logy that enjoys major advantages such as fast response and low power consumption compared with thermal power. However, its fundamental principle and impacts on the flames are complicated due to the coupling between physics, chemistry, and electromagnetics. In the last two decades, tremendous efforts have been made to understand electric-field assisted combustion. New observations have been reported based on different combustion systems and improved diagnostics. The main impacts, including flame stabilization, emission reduction, and flame propagation, have been revealed by both simulative and experimental studies. These findings significantly facilitate the application of electric-field assisted combustion. This brief review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress of this combustion technology and further point out research opportunities worth investigation.

关键词： electric field     combustion     flame stabilization     emission reduction     flame propagation    

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Numerical study on laminar flame speed of natural gas-carbon monoxide-air mixtures

Chen DONG, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU, Shi’en HUI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 411-416 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0514-9

摘要： Laminar flame speeds of natural gas-carbon monoxide-air mixtures are calculated by CHEMKIN II with GRI Mech-3.0 over a large range of fuel compositions, equivalence ratios, and initial temperatures. The calculated results of natural gas are compared with previous experimental results that show a good agreement. The calculated laminar flame speeds of natural gas-carbon monoxide-air mixtures show a nonmonotonic increasing trend with volumetric fraction of carbon monoxide and an increasing trend with the increase of initial temperature of mixtures. The maximum laminar flame speed of certain fuel blend reaches its biggest value when there is 92% volumetric fraction of carbon monoxide in fuel at different initial temperatures. Five stoichiometric natural gas-carbon monoxide-air mixtures are selected to study the detailed chemical structure of natural gas-carbon monoxide-air mixtures. The results show that at stoichiometric condition, the fuel blend with 80% volumetric fraction of carbon monoxide has the biggest laminar flame speed, and the C normalized total production rate of methane with 80% volumetric fraction of carbon monoxide is the largest of the five stoichiometric mixtures.

关键词： laminar flame speed     numerical study     nonmonotonic increasing trend    

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Sorption of aromatic organophosphate flame retardants on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars

Ziwen Du, Chuyi Huang, Jiaqi Meng, Yaru Yuan, Ze Yin, Li Feng, Yongze Liu, Liqiu Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1220-6

摘要： TPhP showed faster and higher sorption on biochars than TPPO. Pyrochars had higher sorption capacity for TPPO than hydrochar. Hydrophobic interactions dominated TPhP sorption by biochars. The π-π EDA and electrostatic interactions are involved in sorption. Aromatic organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) pollutants and biochars are commonly present and continually released into soils due to their increasingly wide applications. In this study, for the first time, the sorption of OPFRs on biochars was investigated. Although triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) have similar molecular structures and sizes, TPhP exhibited much faster and higher sorption than TPPO due to its stronger hydrophobicity, suggesting the dominant role of hydrophobic interactions in TPhP sorption. The π-π electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interactions also contributed to the sorption process, as suggested by the negative correlation between the sorption capacity of the aromatic OPFRs and the aromatic index (H/C atomic ratios) of biochar. Density functional theory calculations further showed that one benzene ring of aromatic OPFRs has no electrons, which may interact with biochar via π-π EDA interactions. The electrostatic attraction between the protonated P = O in OPFRs and the negatively charged biochar was found to occur at pH below 7. This work provides insights into the sorption behaviors and mechanisms of aromatic OPFRs by biochars.

关键词： Organophosphate flame retardants     Hydrochar     Pyrochar     Adsorption     Emerging contaminants     Biochar    

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Application of spectral technology in flame measurement

Jiaxun LIU, Xiaoshu CAI, Zenghao ZHU, Huinan YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 138-143 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0283-5

摘要： Spectral technology has become an important detection method due to its advantages such as non-intrusive measurement and on-line analysis. In this paper, two applications of spectral technology in thermal detection were proposed. First, a novel spectroscopic method based on Planck’s law for measurement of emissivity was introduced. The emissivity, obtained by comparing the radiation intensity of the blackbody which had the same temperature as the flame with the detected intensity of the flames, could be used for on-line measurements and had a relatively higher upper temperature limit. Then, a spectroscopic method for composition detection of blended fuels was proposed based on the emissivity measured. By comparing the spectra of blended fuels and single fuels, the ratio of single fuels of the blended fuel could be calculated. The measurement system proposed in this paper, which consists of a spectrometer and a computer, is very compact.

关键词： spectrum     emissivity measurement     component of fuel     near-infrared spectrometer    

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Observation of premixed flame fronts by laser tomography

MU Kejin, WANG Yue, LEI Yu, ZHANG Zhedian, NIE Chaoqun, XIAO Yunhan

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 427-432 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0069-3

摘要： The principle of combustion field detection by using laser tomography, as well as exploitation of the laser tomography apparatus and the tool for image processing is described. An experiment detecting flame fronts by laser tomography was made by employing a V-shaped premixed flame. The results show that the instantaneous geometric shape of flame wrinkles within the light sheet can be clearly resolved. The contours of the flame fronts are precisely tracked through active contour models (ACM) from the digital images of laser tomography, laying the basis for the quantitative analysis of flame wrinkling and propagation.

关键词： combustion     tomography apparatus     processing     exploitation     propagation    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

NC flame pipe cutting machine tool based on open architecture CNC system

Xiaogen NIE, Yanbing LIU

期刊论文

Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the one-incision three-trocar technique with all straight

Hongyi Cui

期刊论文

Retrospective study of the efficacy and complication of thoracoabdominal incision for nephrectomy: a

Minggen YANG, Xiaokun ZHAO

期刊论文

Transient process of methane-oxygen diffusion flame-street establishment in a microchannel

期刊论文

Experimental study on the laminar flame speed of hydrogen/natural gas/air mixtures

Chen DONG, Qulan ZHOU, Xiaoguang ZHANG, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU, Shi’en HUI

期刊论文

Experimental and kinetic study on laminar flame speeds of ammonia/syngas/air at a high temperature and

期刊论文

Molybdenum disulfide@nickel phyllosilicate hybrid for improving the flame retardancy and wear resistance

期刊论文

A low-density polyethylene composite with phosphorus-nitrogen based flame retardant and multi-walledcarbon nanotubes for enhanced electrical conductivity and acceptable flame retardancy

Yong Luo, Yuhui Xie, Renjie Chen, Ruizhi Zheng, Hua Wu, Xinxin Sheng, Delong Xie, Yi Mei

期刊论文

A method of determining flame radiation fraction induced by interaction burning of tri-symmetric propane

Jie JI, Junrui DUAN, Huaxian WAN

期刊论文

Flame-retardant properties of

Kumar Sai SMARAN, Rajashekar BADAM, Raman VEDARAJAN, Noriyoshi MATSUMI

期刊论文

Recent progress in electric-field assisted combustion: a brief review

期刊论文

Numerical study on laminar flame speed of natural gas-carbon monoxide-air mixtures

Chen DONG, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU, Shi’en HUI

期刊论文

Sorption of aromatic organophosphate flame retardants on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars

Ziwen Du, Chuyi Huang, Jiaqi Meng, Yaru Yuan, Ze Yin, Li Feng, Yongze Liu, Liqiu Zhang

期刊论文

Application of spectral technology in flame measurement

Jiaxun LIU, Xiaoshu CAI, Zenghao ZHU, Huinan YANG

期刊论文

Observation of premixed flame fronts by laser tomography

MU Kejin, WANG Yue, LEI Yu, ZHANG Zhedian, NIE Chaoqun, XIAO Yunhan

期刊论文